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Research Metrics Toolkit

“I'm applying for promotion, and I need help finding research metrics to identify my career-best publications. Where's a good place to start?”

What are research metrics?

Metrics fall into two broad categories:

  • Bibliographic metrics (bibliometrics)
    These are measurement tools used across the scholarly publishing industry to measure the performance of a publication, publication source, or researcher. Bibliometrics methods apply quantitative analysis and statistics to describe patterns of publication and citation activity within a given field or body of literature.
  • Alternative metrics (altmetrics)
    These are measurement tools used to capture and track indicators of online engagement with research outputs. Altmetrics are complementary to traditional citation-based metrics.

What are the benefits of using metrics?

Research metrics can:

  • provide evidence of influence or performance when applying for grants and promotions
  • help to benchmark and assess your performance against peers
  • be used as part of a strategic publishing plan to identify suitable publishing outlets
  • may indicate your research performance and attention to your research.
  • quantify the return on research investment when applying for grant renewals
  • identify who is using your work
  • highlight the value of your research in progress reports, including school, institute and research centre reviews, and the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) framework

    Examples of metrics include:
    • number of publications
    • publication citations — the number of times a research work is cited by others (the assumption being that important or influential articles will be cited more often than other articles)
    • alternative metrics — based on internet mentions and attention.

Australia’s national research evaluation framework, Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA), draws upon a combination of publication citation metrics and expert peer review to identify and promote excellence across the full spectrum of research activity in Australia’s higher education institutions.


Learn more about metrics

  • Metrics Toolkit — explore and choose metrics that may be best used for your situation
  • Citation impact — an overview of how academic performance is evaluated, from Phd on Track

This page is an adaptation of Metrics, created by the University of Queensland, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How do I find research metrics?

Find your publications and their citations

All disciplines
Science disciplines

Watch how to navigate and use Web of Science and Scopus (YouTube playlist)


Measure the performance and rank of publications

  • Scopus Sources - Use to find CiteScore, SJR and SNIP. Includes trends over time. This Scopus libguide provides an overview of Scopus metrics. It also includes this 'quick reference tool'.
  • SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) quartiles - journals from Scopus are ranked according to weighted citations. Use it to find SCImago quartiles and ranks. Includes in-depth analysis and quartile trends over time.
  • InCites: Journal Citation Reports (JCR) — journals from certain Web of Science indices are ranked according to their Journal Impact Factor. Use to find JCR quartiles and ranks; Journal Impact Factor (JIF). Includes in-depth analysis and quartile trends over time. Create an InCites account to access it from anywhere.
  • Publish or Perish — for publications indexed in Google Scholar

Find influential researchers in a field

Based on publications in Web of Science:


Find patent citations

For locating citing and cited patent information try these citation discovery tools.


Your metrics at WSU

Search for yourself or fellow researchers in Research Portal to see:

  • researcher profiles
  • grants reports and benchmarks
  • publications reports (listed in Research Profiles and Repository)
  • Research Activity Statements
  • ERA data and reports
  • SDGs
  • National reports
  • peer-reviewing activity (drawn from Web of Science Researcher Profiles)

This page is an adaptation of Metrics, created by the University of Queensland, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Metrics for Business Researchers

For Business researchers, many research metrics are available quickly and easily through your author profiles in three key places:

Scopus and Web of Science each index a list of specific journals. Business topics are covered in both databases, so you will likely find at least some of your journal article publications included in your profile. However, coverage might not be as strong as some Health and Science topics. There is more limited coverage of books, book chapters, and conference papers - but you may find that some of these publications are included here too. Google Scholar can be helpful as its search engine usually finds more publications and citations from across the web.

How to: Journal lists and rankings for Business discipline

For the purpose of finding suitable quality publishing outlets, also refer to the following list:

ABDC Journal Quality List - Business discipline 

  1. Access the most recent version of the Australian Business Deans Council Journal Quality List from the ABDC website.
  2. Search for journals online, including by Field of Research and by Journal Rating.

"What are the key metrics and indicators for traditional research outputs?"

About discipline-based quality metrics/indicators:

  • HDR candidates: Consult with your supervisors to determine if any discipline-specific quality metrics or indicators are applicable to your intellectual contributions.
  • Researchers: Refer to the University Work Plan Policy, which includes the 2024 School Work Plan Policies, and review your individual work plans for guidance on your work plan profile research outputs/intellectual contributions and relevant outcomes.

Citation-based metrics are widely used to measure and demonstrate the impact of traditional research outputs such as journal articles, books, book chapters and conference proceedings. Reviews and esteem indicators of conference organisers or book publishers/editors may help establish the prestige and quality of conferences or books. On the other hand, author metrics (e.g., h-index) are often used to evidence the overall impact of research.

Bibliometrics (citation metrics) are quantitative indicators of a publication's reach. They use various statistical methods to analyse publications, author output, and citation counts. Indicators can be gathered from multiple sources.

  • The Finding metrics section lists the sources you can use to find your publications, co-authors and who is citing your work.
  • This Guide will help you find bibliometrics for grant applications and performance.

Here are examples of metrics to include in your application and how to find them.

  Journal articles

Article-level metrics are usually available from the article's record page in different databases. However, to get some information, such as journal metrics, you may be required to go to other resources (e.g., SCImago). Similar to author metrics, the numbers might differ across databases due to their coverage.

Metrics Source Where to find the information
Citation count (without self-cites) (#) (SciVal), Times Cited (without self-Cites) (#) (InCites), Cited by (#) (Google Scholar) Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar Journal article citation counts
[Article] Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) (#) Scopus [Article] FWCI
Article ranking (citation percentiles) (# or %) Scopus, Web of Science

Article citation percentiles/Article ranking/Outputs in Top Citation Percentiles

% Top Papers (%), % Highly Cited Papers (%) Web of Science Article citation percentiles/Article ranking/Outputs in Top Citation Percentiles
Altmetrics (e.g. social media and news mentions) Altmetric Explorer, PlumX Altmetrics

Journal impact indicators (#)

(use caution: journal metrics are for journals, not articles)

Scopus, Web of Science Journal impact indicators

Journal ranking and quartile in category (#)

(use caution: journal metrics are for journals, not articles)

Scopus, Web of Science

Journal ranking lists

  Books and chapters

Metrics and indicators for books and chapters can be challenging to find. This is due to the limitation in indexing books in the major citation databases (such as Scopus and Web of Science) compared to journals. Google Scholar is another key tool for gathering citation metrics and reviews of books and chapters.

Metrics or indicators Source Where to find the information
Citation count (without self-cites) (#) (SciVal), Times Cited (#) (without self-Cites) (InCites), Cited by (#) (Google Scholar) Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar

Book and book chapter metrics

[Article] Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) (#) Scopus Book/chapter record in Scopus
Altmetrics (e.g., social media and news mentions) Altmetric Explorer, Scopus (PlumX) Altmetric bookmarklet, Article record in Scopus
Worldwide and Australian library holdings of books WorldCat, Trove Book holdings in WorldCat and Trove
Book and/or chapter reviews Google Scholar, Library Search (Advance) Book review via Library Search
Credentials of the publisher and/or editors Google, Publisher website Search Google or the publisher's website

Awards received

Listing on university/school or professional body reading list, bestseller list

Google, Publish website

 

Search Google or the publisher's website
  Conference papers

Similar to books and chapters, article-level metrics for conference papers can be difficult to find. The prestige and credentials of the conference and its organiser can often indicate the quality and status of a conference in its related research fields.

It's critical to be strategic when choosing which conference to attend and present your papers at. For more information, see the Conference: The how-to-choose guide.

Metrics or indicators Source Where to find the information
Citation Count (without self-cites) (#) (SciVal), Times Cited (without self-Cites) (#) (InCites), Cited by (#)(Google Scholar) Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar Conference paper record in the relevant database
Prestige of the conference in a field Google, conference website Search Google or the conference website
Credentials of the conference organiser Google, conference website Search Google or the conference website
  Author impact indicators

Author-level metrics are available from your profiles in Elements, Scopus, Web of Science, or Google Scholar and take into account all your publications that are indexed (available) in the related database. The numbers might be different in different databases due to their coverage.

Metrics Source Where to find the information
Citation Count (without self-cites) (#) (SciVal), Times Cited (without self-cites) (#) (InCites), Cited by (Google Scholar) (#) Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar Researcher Profiles (SciVal), 

Article citation percentiles/Article ranking/Outputs in Top Citation Percentiles

Scholarly Output (#) (Scopus), Web of Science Documents (#) (WoS) Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar Researcher Profiles
h-index (with and without self-cites) (#) Scopus, Web of Science Researcher Profiles, SciVal, InCites
i10-index (#) Google Scholar Google Scholar profile
h5-index (#) Scopus SciVal Overview tab
m-index (#) Scopus SciVal Overview tab
g-index (#) Scopus SciVal Overview tab
Benchmark: [Author] Field Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) (#) (SciVal), [Author] Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) (#) (InCites)

Scopus, Web of Science

[Author] FWCI and [Author] CNCI
Contributed to Topic Clusters (#) Scopus SciVal
  Other Impact indicators

You can use our subscribed benchmarking tools (SciVal and InCites) to indicate your work's engagement and outstanding impact within your discipline and the wider community. The benchmarking is available against your peers and overall institution, country or global performance.

Metrics Source Where to find the information
Citations per Document (#), Citation Impact (#) Scopus, Web of Science SciVal, InCites
Number of citing countries (#) Scopus SciVal
Attention by Region (#) Altmetric Explorer Altmetric Explorer
Benchmark: Cited Publications (%) Scopus SciVal
Benchmark: Outputs in Top Citation Percentiles (1% and 10%) (# or %) (SciVal), % Documents in Top 1% and 10% (%) (InCites) Scopus, Web of Science SciVal, InCites
Benchmark: Publications in top journal quartiles and prominent percentile by a specific journal ranking (%) Scopus, Web of Science SciVal, InCites
% Highly Cited Papers (%) Web of Science InCites
% Hot Papers (%) Web of Science InCites
Benchmark: Collaboration (%) (see national, international, and industry collaboration indicators) Scopus, Web of Science SciVal, InCites
Patent-citations count (#) (SciVal), Patent-Citations per Scholarly Output (#) (SciVal), Scholarly Output CIted by Patents (#) (SciVal), Patnt Count (#) (SciVal), Citation from Patents (#) (InCites), Patent Mentions (#) (Altmetric Explorer) Scopus, Web of Science, Altmetric Explorer SciVal, InCites, Altmetric Explorer
Policy mentions (#) Altmetric Explorer Altmetric Explorer
  Altmetrics

Altmetrics, or Alternative Metrics, refers to data that indicate the impact or attention a particular work receives on social media such as views, downloads, mentions in the media, and shares via platforms such as Twitter, blogs, Facebook and Mendeley. Altmetric providers also track citations in publications such as policy documents, patents, and medical guidelines.

Metrics Source Where to find the information
Social media - Tweets, Facebook likes, blog posts etc. PlumX, Altmetric Explorer PlumX Metrics via Scopus, Altmetric Explorer, Publisher websites
Article stats - views, downloads, saves etc. PlumX, Altmetric Explorer,  Research Profiles and Repository PlumX Metrics via Scopus, Altmetric Explorer, Research Profiles and Repository, Publisher websites
News mentions PlumX, Altmetric Explorer PlumX Metrics via Scopus, Altmetric Explorer, Publisher websites
Policy mentions Altmetric Explorer Altmetric Explorer, Publisher websites
Patent citations Altmetric Explorer Altmetric Explorer, Publisher websites

Interpretation and good practice

The following guides provide advice and practical application tips for some of the most commonly used indicators.

Other Resources

"What are the key impact indicators for Non-Traditional Research Outputs (NTROs)?"

It can be challenging to demonstrate the impact and excellence of Non-Traditional Research Outputs (NTROs), as traditional citation metrics may not be applicable and/or appropriate. You may need to consider a range of impact metrics and/or indicators.

Go to the Research Profiles and Repository libguide to learn how to add creative works (NTROs) to your Researcher Profile.

The ERA 2023 Discipline Matrix (PDF) will outline, where applicable, the NTROs relevant to your discipline.

Visual artworks

For visual artworks, key indicators include:

  • Awards, prizes
  • Commissions and grants
  • Media and news mentions, including traditional and social media channels
  • Invitations to exhibit
  • Sales

Creative writing

For creative writing, key indicators include:

  • Awards or prizes
  • Sales or download figures
  • Best seller listings
  • Worldwide or Australian library holdings
  • Reviews
  • Translations
  • Credentials of the publishers and/or editors
  • Media or news mentions, including traditional and social media

Exhibitions

For exhibitions, key indicators include:

  • Commissions
  • Invitations to exhibit
  • Visitor numbers
  • Prestige of the venues
  • Sales
  • Reviews
  • Media and news mentions, including traditional and social media

Live performances

For live performances, key indicators include:

  • Commissions
  • Invitations to performances
  • Audience numbers
  • Prestige of the venues
  • Reviews
  • Media and news mentions, including traditional and social media

"How can I find impact indicators for my non-traditional outputs?"

It can be very challenging to find impact indicators for non-traditional outputs. In many cases, Google can be a helpful tool. But the best practice is to keep a record of all the awards, prizes, commissions, grants, reviews, invitations to perform/exhibit, media and news mentions, book or box office sales, audience or visitor numbers.

The following are some examples of databases or websites that you can use to find some impact indicators.

  Grants, awards and prizes

You can search Research Professional to identify grant recipients.

For creative writing, the following database offers information on reviews, awards and prizes your publications have received:

  Media and news mentions

You can find social media mentions and other activities through Altmetric Explorer and Scopus (PlumX).

Google can be useful for finding media and news mentions.

  Reviews

You may find reviews by searching Google or the websites of the publisher or event organiser/curator.

For creative writing, the following database offers information on reviews, awards and prizes your publications have received:

  Box office sales and audience numbers

For exhibitions and live performances, sales stats and audience/visitor numbers can indicate impact. The event organizer/curator often provides these statistics.

  Book sales and download figures

The publisher keeps book sales records for creative writing. Download figures are often available on the publisher's website.

Trove and WorldCat provide Australia and worldwide library holdings of books.

How to: Benchmark your metrics with individuals, groups, institutions, research fields, and more.

The research analytics tools SciVal and InCites allow you to compare your metrics with entities from individual researchers to the whole world. SciVal uses the Scopus database as its dataset, and InCites uses Web of Science. For the best results, you'll need to ensure your profiles in these databases are current.

Find out how to use SciVal and InCites.

© Western Sydney University, unless otherwise attributed.
Library guide created by Western Sydney University Library staff is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY)